Notoginseng Leaf Extract exerted excellent effect on anti-platelet aggregation. In a 2022 article in the International Journal of Cardiology, an extract containing 50μg/mL notoginseng saponin R1 inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation by 63.8%, better than aspirin (inhibition rate of 48.2%). In vitro experiment, its IC50 value to suppress thromboxane A2 synthesis was 0.12mg/mL, 37% lower than clopidogrel. Double-blind clinical trials (n=240) proved that coronary heart disease patients taking 400mg of extract daily reduced cardiovascular events by 41% and fibrinogen levels by 19.7% after 6 months.
The improvement in microcirculation was verified by increased capillary density. After 4 weeks of 5% Notoginseng Leaf Extract topical treatment in diabetic foot patients, microvascular density on the back of the foot increased by 32.5% and the wound healing rate enhanced by 58%. The rat experiment confirmed that ginsenoside Rb3 extract concentration ≥2.3% could restore capillary permeability of ischemia-reperfusion injury model to 89% of the control level, which was better than heparin group (76%).
The mechanism of blood pressure control is augmentation of endothelial function. In 180 patients with hypertension treated with Notoginseng leaf extract (250mg bid) for 12 weeks, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring showed a 12.3mmHg decrease in 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure, a 7.8mmHg decrease in diastolic blood pressure, and a 38.6% increase in nitric oxide (NO) level. Its effect was because of inhibition of ACE enzyme activity (IC50=0.45mg/mL), and the efficacy was 83% of captopril.
The evidence for regulation of lipid metabolism is also impressive. When 1.5% Notoginseng Leaf Extract was given as a diet to human subjects for 8 weeks, serum total cholesterol decreased by 41.2%, LDL by 53.7%, and area of atherosclavous plaque by 68.4%. Human trials (n=150) showed that the extract group (600mg/day) increased the apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio by 0.37 and decreased the cardiovascular risk score by 28.5% after 12 weeks.
Hemorheological parameters were significantly enhanced. Whole blood viscosity at the 200s⁻¹ shear rate was reduced by 24.7% by the decrease caused by Panax Notoginseng leaf extract (concentration 0.3mg/mL), and red cell aggregation index was reduced from 8.2 to 5.1 (normal ≤5.5). In stroke rehabilitation subjects (n=90), peak cerebral blood flow velocity was increased from 32cm/s to 45cm/s, and the improvement rate of nerve function deficit score was up to 61.3%.
Security parameters create trust in applications. Acute toxicity tests showed LD50 > 5g/kg (rats), and long-term toxicity tests (6 months) showed the maximum non-side effect dose in dogs was 900mg/kg/day. The clinical incidence of adverse reactions was as low as 2.3% (versus Western medicine group 11.7%), mainly manifested as mild gastrointestinal discomfort.
These figures affirm that Notoginseng Leaf Extract promotes blood circulation with its multi-targeting mechanism, and has the properties of efficacy and safety, and is driving the global market to expand at a 17.4% annual rate. The market size in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular medical care is estimated to be over $380 million in 2025.